Kashif Rehman

Section 103 Cr.P.C. | Independent Witnesses in Criminal Cases

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Independent witnesses - section 103 Cr.p.c

Section 103 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, lays down the statutory procedure for conducting searches by police officials under Chapter VII of the Code. Under section 103 Cr.P.C. independent witnesses are mandatorily required to be associated in search and recovery proceedings to ensure transparency and fairness. The object of this provision is to … Read more

Evidence Beyond Pleadings | Case Laws in Pakistan

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One of the most firmly settled doctrines in Pakistani civil jurisprudence is that parties are bound by their pleadings. Courts do not decide cases on evolving or improvised narratives, but strictly on what has been formally pleaded and subsequently proved. The rule that no evidence can be led beyond pleadings serves as a cornerstone of … Read more