Section 103 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, lays down the statutory procedure for conducting searches by police officials under Chapter VII of the Code. Under section 103 Cr.P.C. independent witnesses are mandatorily required to be associated in search and recovery proceedings to ensure transparency and fairness. The object of this provision is to … Read more
One of the most firmly settled doctrines in Pakistani civil jurisprudence is that parties are bound by their pleadings. Courts do not decide cases on evolving or improvised narratives, but strictly on what has been formally pleaded and subsequently proved. The rule that no evidence can be led beyond pleadings serves as a cornerstone of … Read more
Dowry disputes remain one of the most frequently litigated issues in Pakistani family courts. From questions of proof and valuation to limitation and execution, dowry articles cases often hinge on how well pleadings are drafted and how effectively precedents are invoked. Over the years, the superior courts of Pakistan have developed a rich body of … Read more
In the world of law, the way you ask a question often determines the answer you get. This is especially true when it comes to seeking a “declaration” from a court, a formal statement about a legal right, status, or duty. A fundamental rule that governs this process is the prohibition against seeking a “negative … Read more
Labour laws form the critical legal framework that governs the relationship between employers, employees, trade unions, and the government. They are designed to protect workers from exploitation, ensure safe working conditions, guarantee fair wages, and provide social security. In Pakistan, a nation with a vast and diverse workforce, the evolution and implementation of these laws … Read more
In the legal jurisprudence of Pakistan and India, it is a well-settled principle that a civil suit filed against a person who was already dead at the time of its institution is a nullity in the eyes of law. The courts regard such a suit as stillborn, incapable of being revived through the inclusion of … Read more
Case property refers to any physical item or evidence collected during an investigation and presented before the court during a criminal trial. It plays a crucial role in establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused. Proper sealing, sampling, chain of safe custody and production of case property before the court are vital for ensuring … Read more
The Registers of Patwari plays a fundamental role in Pakistan’s land revenue system. It is an essential record maintained by Patwaris, who are government appointed officials responsible for keeping track of land ownership, revenue collection, and agricultural statistics in rural areas. These registers serves as the primary documentation for land transactions, ownership claims, and disputes. … Read more
The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower legislative house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan, the upper house being the Senate. Established under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the National Assembly is the principal legislative body responsible for national lawmaking, government oversight, and representing public interests. Pakistan’s parliamentary history dates back to independence in … Read more
In Pakistan, co-ownership of joint immovable property involves multiple individuals holding shared interests in a single property. The rights and restrictions of these co-sharers are governed by a combination of statutory laws and judicial precedents. Co-sharers in joint immovable property in Pakistan have specific rights, including possession, use, alienation of their share, and the right … Read more