One of the most firmly settled doctrines in Pakistani civil jurisprudence is that parties are bound by their pleadings. Courts do not decide cases on evolving or improvised narratives, but strictly on what has been formally pleaded and subsequently proved. The rule that no evidence can be led beyond pleadings serves as a cornerstone of … Read more

Dowry disputes remain one of the most frequently litigated issues in Pakistani family courts. From questions of proof and valuation to limitation and execution, dowry articles cases often hinge on how well pleadings are drafted and how effectively precedents are invoked. Over the years, the superior courts of Pakistan have developed a rich body of … Read more

In the world of law, the way you ask a question often determines the answer you get. This is especially true when it comes to seeking a “declaration” from a court, a formal statement about a legal right, status, or duty. A fundamental rule that governs this process is the prohibition against seeking a “negative … Read more

In the legal jurisprudence of Pakistan and India, it is a well-settled principle that a civil suit filed against a person who was already dead at the time of its institution is a nullity in the eyes of law. The courts regard such a suit as stillborn, incapable of being revived through the inclusion of … Read more

The Registers of Patwari plays a fundamental role in Pakistan’s land revenue system. It is an essential record maintained by Patwaris, who are government appointed officials responsible for keeping track of land ownership, revenue collection, and agricultural statistics in rural areas. These registers serves as the primary documentation for land transactions, ownership claims, and disputes. … Read more

In Pakistan, co-ownership of joint immovable property involves multiple individuals holding shared interests in a single property. The rights and restrictions of these co-sharers are governed by a combination of statutory laws and judicial precedents. Co-sharers in joint immovable property in Pakistan have specific rights, including possession, use, alienation of their share, and the right … Read more

It is a well known fact that the litigation process is Pakistan is very lengthy and expensive. It is also no secret that a number of cases base on false and manipulated fact for some wrongful gains. In this scenario, it has become the need of time to adopt a mechanism to repulse such kind … Read more

An auction in execution proceedings refers to the sale of the judgement debtor’s property to satisfy a court judgment. Completion of due requirements, successful bidding and purchase of property results in creating certain rights of auction purchaser in execution proceedings. These rights base on the principle that a bona fide buyer at such sale, conducted … Read more

Order XVI rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, emphasizes the submission of list of witnesses in civil cases within the period of seven days by the parties to the suit. By requiring this disclosure, the law aims to prevent surprise, to promote transparency so as to allow both sides adequate time to … Read more

In Pakistan, the liability of surety in execution of decree arises where the judgement debtor fails to comply it. Surety becomes liable because he himself undertook before the court to ensure the payment of a decreed amount or performance of a specific act as ordered by the court, in case of failure of judgement debtor … Read more

Like all other electricity supply companies of Pakistan, in Lahore division, the Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the delivery of electricity to millions of consumers. An integral component of this supply chain is the electricity meter, a guage responsible for accurately measuring the consumption of electrical energy. However, when … Read more