Kashif Rehman 
Section 103 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, lays down the statutory procedure for conducting searches by police officials under Chapter VII of the Code. Under section 103 Cr.P.C. independent witnesses are mandatorily required to be associated in search and recovery proceedings to ensure transparency and fairness. The object of this provision is to … Read more
One of the most firmly settled doctrines in Pakistani civil jurisprudence is that parties are bound by their pleadings. Courts do not decide cases on evolving or improvised narratives, but strictly on what has been formally pleaded and subsequently proved. The rule that no evidence can be led beyond pleadings serves as a cornerstone of … Read more
Case property refers to any physical item or evidence collected during an investigation and presented before the court during a criminal trial. It plays a crucial role in establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused. Proper sealing, sampling, chain of safe custody and production of case property before the court are vital for ensuring … Read more
The Registers of Patwari plays a fundamental role in Pakistan’s land revenue system. It is an essential record maintained by Patwaris, who are government appointed officials responsible for keeping track of land ownership, revenue collection, and agricultural statistics in rural areas. These registers serves as the primary documentation for land transactions, ownership claims, and disputes. … Read more
The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower legislative house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan, the upper house being the Senate. Established under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the National Assembly is the principal legislative body responsible for national lawmaking, government oversight, and representing public interests. Pakistan’s parliamentary history dates back to independence in … Read more
It is a well known fact that the litigation process is Pakistan is very lengthy and expensive. It is also no secret that a number of cases base on false and manipulated fact for some wrongful gains. In this scenario, it has become the need of time to adopt a mechanism to repulse such kind … Read more
An auction in execution proceedings refers to the sale of the judgement debtor’s property to satisfy a court judgment. Completion of due requirements, successful bidding and purchase of property results in creating certain rights of auction purchaser in execution proceedings. These rights base on the principle that a bona fide buyer at such sale, conducted … Read more
Order XVI rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, emphasizes the submission of list of witnesses in civil cases within the period of seven days by the parties to the suit. By requiring this disclosure, the law aims to prevent surprise, to promote transparency so as to allow both sides adequate time to … Read more
The rise of 5G and 6G technologies marks a digital revolution, enabling rapid global information exchange. However, this progress has led to a rapid increase in cybercrimes. Cybersecurity experts predict that by 2025, global online frauds and offences etc could cost up to $10.5 trillion annually. Pakistan has experienced an 83% increase in digital offences … Read more
Traveling the world often reveals breathtaking scenery, fascinating customs, and a multitude of distinct cultures. But hidden in these beauties of world are strange laws that could leave readers and travelers alike scratching their heads in confusion. The globe is full with legal quirks, from regulations on where you can hang your laundry to bans … Read more
The legal doctrine of election, rooted in fundamental principles of jurisprudence, is the act of choosing between two or more remedies or legal options available to address a particular issue or dispute. According to the 11th Edition of Black’s Law Dictionary, “Election” is defined as: “”the exercise of choice; particularly, the act of selecting from … Read more
The importance of knowing the details of your electricity bill in Pakistan extends beyond financial considerations; it is a key element to help someone in navigating potential discrepancies, ensuring accurate billing and preventing unnecessary financial strain. In a country like Pakistan, where energy costs can significantly impact budgets, being well-informed about your electricity dues is … Read more
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (NEPRA) which is established under section 3 of the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997, determines electricity tariff, rates, charges and other terms and conditions for supply of electric power services by the generation, transmission and distribution companies, and recommend to the … Read more
Decree of declaration under section 42 of the Specific Relief act 1877 is to be granted in cases where a person entitled to any legal right or title have any denial or apprehension of denial by some other person. In this context, before filing suit for declaration it is necessary to have a pre-existing right … Read more
Basic rule of correction in service record The general rule for correction in service record is that the date of birth of a civil servant which was recorded at the time of joining of service, shall be final and no change shall be permissible except, the correction of clerical mistake in recording of date. In … Read more
Procedure for dealing with disobedience of injunction order Where the court finds that there are facts which may require the imposition of the penalties for disobedience of injunction order under rule 2 ( 3 ) of O. XXXIX , code of civil procedure 1908, the Court shall put the person at fault on this guard … Read more
Definition of Shamilat Deh Shamilat Deh has been defined as a tract of huge land, collectively owned by the village owners over which they would have a right either to reclaim it themselves or allow others also to do so. The original owners were called as “Ala Maliks” and others who had reclaimed the same … Read more
