Kashif Rehman 
Section 103 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, lays down the statutory procedure for conducting searches by police officials under Chapter VII of the Code. Under section 103 Cr.P.C. independent witnesses are mandatorily required to be associated in search and recovery proceedings to ensure transparency and fairness. The object of this provision is to … Read more
One of the most firmly settled doctrines in Pakistani civil jurisprudence is that parties are bound by their pleadings. Courts do not decide cases on evolving or improvised narratives, but strictly on what has been formally pleaded and subsequently proved. The rule that no evidence can be led beyond pleadings serves as a cornerstone of … Read more
Case property refers to any physical item or evidence collected during an investigation and presented before the court during a criminal trial. It plays a crucial role in establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused. Proper sealing, sampling, chain of safe custody and production of case property before the court are vital for ensuring … Read more
The Registers of Patwari plays a fundamental role in Pakistan’s land revenue system. It is an essential record maintained by Patwaris, who are government appointed officials responsible for keeping track of land ownership, revenue collection, and agricultural statistics in rural areas. These registers serves as the primary documentation for land transactions, ownership claims, and disputes. … Read more
The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower legislative house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan, the upper house being the Senate. Established under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the National Assembly is the principal legislative body responsible for national lawmaking, government oversight, and representing public interests. Pakistan’s parliamentary history dates back to independence in … Read more
In Pakistan, co-ownership of joint immovable property involves multiple individuals holding shared interests in a single property. The rights and restrictions of these co-sharers are governed by a combination of statutory laws and judicial precedents. Co-sharers in joint immovable property in Pakistan have specific rights, including possession, use, alienation of their share, and the right … Read more
It is a well known fact that the litigation process is Pakistan is very lengthy and expensive. It is also no secret that a number of cases base on false and manipulated fact for some wrongful gains. In this scenario, it has become the need of time to adopt a mechanism to repulse such kind … Read more
An auction in execution proceedings refers to the sale of the judgement debtor’s property to satisfy a court judgment. Completion of due requirements, successful bidding and purchase of property results in creating certain rights of auction purchaser in execution proceedings. These rights base on the principle that a bona fide buyer at such sale, conducted … Read more
Order XVI rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, emphasizes the submission of list of witnesses in civil cases within the period of seven days by the parties to the suit. By requiring this disclosure, the law aims to prevent surprise, to promote transparency so as to allow both sides adequate time to … Read more
The rise of 5G and 6G technologies marks a digital revolution, enabling rapid global information exchange. However, this progress has led to a rapid increase in cybercrimes. Cybersecurity experts predict that by 2025, global online frauds and offences etc could cost up to $10.5 trillion annually. Pakistan has experienced an 83% increase in digital offences … Read more